Due to the depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, more ultraviolet (UV) radiation is reaching the earth. For every 1% depletion of the ozone layer, UVB radiation increases by 2%. The higher the altitude, the stronger the UV intensity. About 85% of UV rays come from reflections off snow and light-colored sand. UVA rays, often called the “aging rays,” are the main culprit behind premature wrinkles and cataracts. Because their wavelength is close to visible light, they can pass through glass, water, clouds, and even certain fabrics all year round. UVB rays, known as the “burning rays,” can cause skin cancer on the eyelids and photokeratitis (sunburn of the eye). These rays are especially intense in summer.
What are UV rays?
Ultraviolet rays, commonly known as “invisible light,” are short light waves with wavelengths between 200–380 nanometers (a nanometer is one-millionth of a millimeter, expressed as 10E-9). Although UV rays are invisible to the human eye, radiation at around 300 nm can still be detected.
How to protect the eyes from UV damageProtecting your eyes from UV rays is important year-round, not just in summer. So how can we help children shield their eyes from the sun?
Choose the right time to go out
Children’s skin is not yet fully developed—it’s about one-third the thickness of adult skin and far less tolerant. In addition, children produce less melanin, so their skin is more easily damaged by UV rays.
UV radiation is strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Therefore, it’s best to arrange outdoor activities before 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m.
Pick safe play locations
When outdoors, be mindful of reflective surfaces like water, beaches, or roads, which can increase UV exposure.
Daily playtime in a garden or park with shaded areas is a great choice. Not only can kids enjoy socializing with friends, but shaded spots also keep them cool while still allowing them to benefit from natural sunlight, which helps the body absorb calcium—safe and healthy all at once.
Parental guidance matters
Parents should teach children never to look directly at the sun. Summer sunlight is very intense, and even brief glances can cause temporary dark spots in vision. Prolonged exposure allows UV rays to reach the retina, potentially causing permanent eye damage.
Wear a sun hat
Summer hats come in many styles, but sun protection should be the priority.
For example, giving your child a wide-brimmed hat made of UV-blocking material can shield not only their face but also their eyes from direct sunlight, all without blocking their vision.
Don’t forget sunglasses
Summer is the perfect season for outdoor fun and sports, and sunglasses with UV protection are essential.
According to optical standards, the best lens colors are gray, brown, or dark green. When buying sunglasses, always purchase from a reputable eyewear store to ensure quality.
Many parents are diligent about applying sunscreen to their child’s skin but often forget that the eyes need protection too.
In fact, the eyes are one of the most delicate organs in the human body and are especially vulnerable to UV damage. Children’s eyes are even more fragile, and because they spend more time outdoors, it’s critical to take UV protection seriously.
Protect their eyes now—so they can see a brighter, healthier future.
Resources：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/147619362
